Education and Early Childhood Learning

ETT.12B.A1 Define Manitoba safety and health requirements.

• ETT.12B.A1.1 Define Manitoba safety and health requirements under The Workplace Safety and Health Act and Regulations for workers’ rights, including

  • the right to know
  • the right to participate
  • the right to refuse
  • the right to protection from reprisal

• ETT.12B.A1.2 Define Manitoba safety and health requirements under The Workplace Safety and Health Act and Regulations for workers’ responsibilities, including

  • taking reasonable care to protect themselves and others
  • using safety equipment properly
  • following safety rules and procedures
  • cooperating with safety representatives and supervisors

• ETT.12B.A1.3 Define and describe Manitoba safety and health requirements under The Workplace Safety and Health Act and Regulations for

  • the rights and responsibilities of supervisors
  • the rights and responsibilities of employers

• ETT.12B.A1.4 Define and describe workplace safety and health programs and the roles of workers, including

  • safety and health committee
  • participation in investigation and inspection processes

• ETT.12B.A1.5 Define and describe the Manitoba safety and health requirements for various public agencies, including

  • SAFE Work Manitoba (prevention)
  • Workplace Safety and Health (enforcement)

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ETT.12B.A2 Identify, describe, and demonstrate personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements and standards in the workplace.

• ETT.12B.A2.1 Identify various types of personal protective equipment (PPE), including

  • eye protection
  • face protection
  • hearing protection
  • foot protection
  • head protection
  • hand protection
  • skin protection
  • respiratory protection
  • protective clothing
  • fall protection (trade-specific)

• ETT.12B.A2.2 Describe various types of personal protective equipment (PPE), including

  • selection of the appropriate PPE
  • characteristics and key features
  • application (i.e., their role or utility in specific scenarios)
  • limitations in scope or performance

• ETT.12B.A2.3 Demonstrate how to use the required personal protective equipment (PPE), including ensuring

  • a proper fit
  • a proper seal
  • it is worn properly
  • an understanding of the procedures for reporting any damage or malfunctions

• ETT.12B.A2.4 Identify hierarchy of control measures and describe the requirements and standards, including

  • elimination
  • substitution
  • engineering controls
  • administrative controls
  • personal protective equipment (PPE)

• ETT.12B.A2.5 Describe each individual’s responsibilities when using and managing personal protective equipment (PPE) at work or in training for various roles, including the

  • employer
  • supervisor
  • worker
  • teacher
  • learner

• ETT.12B.A2.6 Describe requirements for personal protective equipment (PPE), including

  • the name of the provider
  • its proper maintenance
  • required training
  • the different types of gear
  • procedures in place to guarantee regulations are upheld

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ETT.12B.A3 Identify and describe the Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS) and procedures.

• ETT.12B.A3.1 Describe how various hazardous materials are identified, including

  • classification
  • safety data sheets (SDS)
  • labelling
  • training
  • access to information

• ETT.12B.A3.2 Describe what suppliers and workplaces must do when labelling hazardous products, including

  • using safety symbols
  • classifying chemicals

• ETT.12B.A3.3 Identify various safety data sheets (SDS).

• ETT.12B.A3.4 Identify various chemical and biological hazards.

• ETT.12B.A3.5 Describe how to deal with chemical and biological hazards safely, including

  • how to wash off spills
  • moving dangerous materials
  • storing dangerous materials properly

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ETT.12B.A4 Identify and describe safe work procedures (SWP).

• ETT.12B.A4.1 Identify a safe work procedure (SWP) that outlines specific steps to safely perform a task, including

  • hazard identification
  • risk assessment
  • control measures

• ETT.12B.A4.2 Describe a safe work procedure (SWP), including

  • purpose
  • scope
  • procedure
  • training

• ETT.12B.A4.3 Identify a hazard and describe the procedures to follow for managing various uncontrolled risks, including

  • unsecured tools or equipment
  • improper use of machinery
  • electrical hazards
  • chemical exposure
  • lack of personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • poor housekeeping

• ETT.12B.A4.4 Develop a safe work procedure (SWP), including

  • purpose
  • scope
  • procedure
  • training

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ETT.12B.A5 Identify and describe injury prevention.

• ETT.12B.A5.1 Identify, describe, and demonstrate the SAFE acronym:

  • Spot the hazard
  • Assess the risk
  • Find a safer way
  • Every day

• ETT.12B.A5.2 Identify various risks affecting mental health wellness at work and school, such as

  • stress
  • bullying
  • violence
  • impairment risks

• ETT.12B.A5.3 Describe various risks affecting mental health wellness at work and school, including

  • respectful communication
  • implementation of clear policies
  • access to support systems

• ETT.12B.A5.4 Demonstrate how to reduce various risks affecting mental health wellness at work and school, such as by

  • promoting respect and inclusivity
  • offering support
  • proactively identifying and managing issues such as stress or bullying

• ETT.12B.A5.5 Identify various methods to prevent injuries among young workers, such as through

  • completion of the Young Worker Readiness Certificate Course
  • mandatory safety orientation and training
  • supervision by experienced workers
  • implementation of SAFE Work Manitoba’s Young Worker Injury Prevention Strategy
  • use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • encouraging reporting of unsafe conditions
  • promoting awareness of workers’ rights

• ETT.12B.A5.6 Describe various methods to prevent injuries among young workers, such as through

  • selection of the appropriate method
  • characteristics and key features
  • application (i.e., their role or utility in specific scenarios)
  • limitations in scope or performance

• ETT.12B.A5.7 Identify various chemical and biological hazards, including

  • dust
  • fumes
  • gases
  • liquids
  • moulds

• ETT.12B.A5.8 Describe how to prevent various chemical and biological hazards, such as by

  • using proper ventilation
  • using safety gear
  • using personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • implementing safe handling procedures

• ETT.12B.A5.9 Describe how to prevent various injuries related to electrical safety, including

  • using proper tools
  • turning off power before repairs
  • following lockout/tagout steps to make sure machines cannot be turned on accidentally

• ETT.12B.A5.10 Demonstrate how to safely shut off and lock electrical equipment using a lockout/tagout procedure.

• ETT.12B.A5.11 Identify how to prevent various fire injuries, including

  • identifying different types of fires
  • identifying different kinds of fire extinguishers
  • describing how to use fire extinguishers safely

• ETT.12B.A5.12 Demonstrate knowledge of the locations of various fire emergency safety equipment and evacuation safety measures, including

  • fire extinguishers
  • alarm pull stations
  • emergency exits
  • muster points

• ETT.12B.A5.13 Identify and describe how to prevent various work-related diseases and illnesses, such as

  • asbestos-related diseases
  • hearing loss
  • carpal tunnel syndrome
  • tendonitis
  • lead poisoning
  • silicosis (silica dust)

• ETT.12B.A5.14 Identify various muscle and joint injuries, and describe how to prevent them by using ergonomics prevention methods, including

  • good posture
  • proper workplace setup

• ETT.12B.A5.15 Identify various confined spaces.

• ETT.12B.A5.16 Describe methods to prevent injuries during confined space entry.

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ETT.12B.A6 Identify and describe injury response.

• ETT.12B.A6.1 Describe how to manage a scene when responding to an injury, such as by

  • staying calm
  • keeping the area safe
  • providing support until trained help arrives

• ETT.12B.A6.2 Describe how to report an injury, including reporting the injury to

  • a teacher or supervisor
  • Workers Compensation Board of Manitoba (WCB)

• ETT.12B.A6.3 Demonstrate knowledge of the locations of emergency safety equipment, including

  • first aid kit
  • automated external defibrillator (AED)
  • eyewash station

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ETT.12B.A7 Demonstrate navigation of the SAFE Work Manitoba website.

• ETT.12B.A7.1 Demonstrate how to navigate SAFE Work Manitoba’s website and retrieve and apply resources from key content, including

  • legislation
  • bulletins
  • templates
  • shop talk
  • other resources

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ETT.12B.A8 Discuss emerging trends in trade safety.

• ETT.12B.A8.1 Discuss various current and emerging trends in trade safety.

ETT.12B.B1 Describe the structure and scope of the construction electrician, industrial electrician, and power electrician trades.

• ETT.12B.B1.1 Describe opportunities and future career paths in a trade, including

  • becoming a specialist
  • moving into leadership
  • working in different locations
  • growing with new technology

• ETT.12B.B1.2 Describe The Apprenticeship and Certification Act, including

  • support training
  • the board
  • trade committees
  • rules for each trade
  • policies about attendance
  • continuing training

• ETT.12B.B1.3 Describe the Red Seal Occupational Standard (RSOS), including

  • how it helps with training
  • tracking work hours
  • preparing for tests in a trade

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ETT.12B.B2 Describe workplace competencies related to workplace culture.

• ETT.12B.B2.1 Describe job competencies workers and learners need to know related to workplace culture, including

  • understanding tools and materials
  • using the right skills to do the job well

• ETT.12B.B2.2 Describe the social competencies workers and learners need to know related to workplace culture, including

  • working well with others
  • using appropriate and respectful language
  • acknowledging and appreciating varied viewpoints
  • understanding workplace rules
  • supporting fairness, diversity, and inclusion

• ETT.12B.B2.3 Describe professional competencies workers and learners need to know related to workplace culture, including

  • attending regularly and on time
  • taking responsibility for their own actions
  • being adaptable
  • showing initiative and effort
  • demonstrating teamwork
  • staying on task and using time effectively
  • responsibly using wireless communication devices
  • participating in worksite cleanup

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ETT.12B.B3 Describe accommodation for apprentices with accessibility requirements.

• ETT.12B.B3.1 Describe The Accessibility for Manitobans Act and how it supports apprentices with accessibility, including

  • customer service
  • communication
  • buildings
  • transportation
  • training at work

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ETT.12B.B4 Discuss emerging trends in career education.

• ETT.12B.B4.1 Discuss various current and emerging trends in career education.

ETT.12B.C1 Describe and demonstrate techniques for effective verbal and non-verbal communication in and outside the workplace.

• ETT.12B.C1.1 Describe how to communicate clearly and respectfully with various people at school and/or work, using tone, words, and body language.

• ETT.12B.C1.2 Demonstrate how to communicate clearly and respectfully with various people at school and/or work, using tone, words and body language.

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ETT.12B.C2 Identify workplace behaviours and communication that constitute bullying, as defined by the Canadian Human Rights Act and jurisdictional human rights laws.

• ETT.12B.C2.1 Identify what respectful workplace values look like and what kinds of behaviour are considered bullying, harassment, or discrimination under Canadian law.

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ETT.12B.C3 Demonstrate effective communication skills, and practise active listening and response in face-to-face and group settings.

• ETT.12B.C3.1 Demonstrate effective communication and active listening, including

  • listening carefully
  • responding clearly
  • using appropriate body language
  • asking questions
  • being open to feedback

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ETT.12B.C4 Identify various types of communication devices, and describe their purpose and operation.

• ETT.12B.C4.1 Identify various types of communication devices, including

  • telephones
  • two-way radios
  • computers
  • smartphones
  • tablets
  • fax machines

• ETT.12B.C4.2 Describe various purposes and the operation of communication devices, such as their use for

  • speaking
  • sending messages
  • sharing information

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ETT.12B.C5 Demonstrate communication techniques using various communication devices.

• ETT.12B.C5.1 Demonstrate good communication skills when using various communication devices to speak, send messages, or share information, including

  • keeping the message concise
  • articulating ideas precisely to avoid confusion
  • remaining polite and professional

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ETT.12B.C6 Identify types of trade-related documents, describe their applications, and demonstrate their use.

• ETT.12B.C6.1 Identify various documents used in the trade, such as

  • invoices
  • shipping documents
  • work orders
  • cut lists
  • order sheets

• ETT.12B.C6.2 Describe various documents used in the trade, such as

  • selection of the appropriate documents
  • characteristics and key features
  • application (i.e., their role or utility in specific scenarios)
  • limitations in scope or performance

• ETT.12B.C6.3 Demonstrate the procedures used to prepare and/or complete various trade-related documents, including

  • preparing a business email
  • defining technical terms in detail
  • writing instructions to inform readers
  • project planning

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ETT.12B.C7 Describe the importance of communicating job requirements.

• ETT.12B.C7.1 Describe the importance of clearly defining what a job entails so that each team member understands exactly what is expected of them.

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ETT.12B.C8 Describe the importance of the client or customer.

• ETT.12B.C8.1 Describe the various costs and benefits of retaining a client.

• ETT.12B.C8.2 Describe the various costs and benefits of gaining new clients.

• ETT.12B.C8.3 Describe the various costs and benefits and the value of repeat business.

• ETT.12B.C8.4 Describe the various costs, benefits, and techniques for recovering “lost” clients.

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ETT.12B.C9 Describe effective techniques for addressing clients’ complaints.

• ETT.12B.C9.1 Describe various effective techniques for addressing clients’ written complaints.

• ETT.12B.C9.2 Describe various effective techniques for addressing various difficult situations with clients, including

  • angry clients
  • impatient clients
  • indecisive clients

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ETT.12B.C10 Describe techniques for maintaining good communication in the workplace.

• ETT.12B.C10.1 Describe various techniques for maintaining good internal communication in the workplace, including with

  • support staff
  • fellow staff (colleagues)
  • supervisors
  • management

• ETT.12B.C10.2 Describe various techniques for maintaining good external communication in the workplace, including with

  • tradespeople
  • retail clients
  • wholesale clients
  • suppliers
  • authorities (e.g., inspectors, general contractors)

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ETT.12B.C11 Demonstrate trade-related computer skills, as specified by the instructor.

• ETT.12B.C11.1 Demonstrate various trade-related computer skills, using office application programs such as

  • word processor (e.g., Microsoft Word)
  • spreadsheet (e.g., Microsoft Excel)
  • presentation software (e.g., Microsoft PowerPoint)
  • learning management systems (LMS) in a computer environment

• ETT.12B.C11.2 Demonstrate various trade-related computer skills, using Internet searching skills such as

  • search engines via universal resource locator (URL) addresses
  • key word searches
  • filtering results

• ETT.12B.C11.3 Demonstrate various trade-related computer skills, using email for work-related communications such as

  • public email services
  • email addresses
  • sending and replying to email
  • adding attachments to email (text, documents, graphs)
  • email website links

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ETT.12B.C12 Discuss emerging trends in trade-related communications.

• ETT.12B.C12.1 Discuss various current and emerging trends in trade-related communications.

ETT.12B.D1 Use mathematical properties to solve problems involving whole, fractional, decimal, and percentage numbers, with an emphasis on trade-related problems.

• ETT.12B.D1.1 Demonstrate how to solve math problems with both positive and negative numbers, indicating how the signs (+ or –) affect the answer, when

  • adding
  • subtracting
  • multiplying
  • dividing

• ETT.12B.D1.2 Identify various types of fractions, including

  • proper fractions
  • improper fractions
  • mixed fractions

• ETT.12B.D1.3 Describe various types of fractions, including the following:

  • a proper fraction has a smaller number on top (like 3/4)
  • an improper fraction has a bigger number on top (like 5/3)
  • a mixed fraction combines a whole number and a fraction (like 12/3)

• ETT.12B.D1.4 Demonstrate how to add and subtract fractions.

• ETT.12B.D1.5 Demonstrate how to multiply, divide, simplify (reduce), and expand fractions.

• ETT.12B.D1.6 Demonstrate how to change a fraction into a decimal and a decimal into a fraction.

• ETT.12B.D1.7 Demonstrate how to calculate percentages in trade situations, such as

  • when material costs increase by 10%
  • when applying a 15% discount

• ETT.12B.D1.8 Demonstrate how to apply the order of operations (BEDMAS) to solve trade-related math problems like calculating material quantities or cutting dimensions.

• ETT.12B.D1.9 Demonstrate how to solve roots and exponents calculations in trade situations, such as

  • figuring out the area (e.g., 4²=16)

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ETT.12B.D2 Demonstrate how to communicate measurement.

• ETT.12B.D2.1 Demonstrate how to measure.

• ETT.12B.D2.2 Demonstrate how to measure using both metric and imperial measurement systems, such as when

  • measuring length
  • measuring materials

• ETT.12B.D2.3 Demonstrate how to provide measurements, including how much the measurements can vary (e.g., length of wire).

• ETT.12B.D2.4 Demonstrate how to convert measurements within and between the metric and imperial systems.

• ETT.12B.D2.5 Demonstrate how scientific and engineering notation are used to express numbers and explain how the formats can differ depending on the context or precision required.

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ETT.12B.D3 Calculate the perimeter, area, and volume of simple and complex shapes, using both metric and imperial units of measurement.

• ETT.12B.D3.1 Demonstrate how to use proportions to solve problems, including

  • direct proportion (e.g., as one value increases, the other also increases) If 2 litres of paint cover 10 m², then 4 litres cover 20 m².
  • indirect (inverse) proportion (as one value increases, the other decreases) If four workers take six hours to complete a task, then two workers would take 12 hours.

• ETT.12B.D3.2 Demonstrate how to calculate various circumferences and areas of circles.

• ETT.12B.D3.3 Demonstrate how to calculate various volumes of prisms and cylinders.

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ETT.12B.D4 Solve problems using direct and indirect proportion.

• ETT.12B.D4.1 Demonstrate how to calculate and apply direct proportion for scaling objects, ratios, and quantities.

• ETT.12B.D4.2 Demonstrate how to calculate percentages and multiples to solve trade-related problems, such as

  • adjusting quantities for scaling
  • calculating material wastage
  • applying discounts
  • determining markups
  • computing sales taxes

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ETT.12B.D5 Solve for missing values using trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean theorem.

• ETT.12B.D5.1 Demonstrate how to calculate using the Pythagorean theorem to solve for unknown sides of a right triangle.

• ETT.12B.D5.2 Demonstrate how to calculate the angles and sides of right triangles using basic trigonometric ratios.

• ETT.12B.D5.3 Demonstrate how to calculate the right-angle triangles in all four quadrants of the Cartesian plane and determine their angular relation between the hypotenuse and positive X-axis.

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ETT.12B.D6 Solve algebraic problems involving one variable.

• ETT.12B.D6.1 Demonstrate how to solve equations by applying key algebraic principles, including the addition and multiplication properties of equality.

• ETT.12B.D6.2 Demonstrate how to solve equations by applying key algebraic principles, including additive and multiplicative inverses.

• ETT.12B.D6.3 Demonstrate how to solve equations by applying key algebraic principles like order of operations to rearrange equations and solve for unknown variables step by step.

• ETT.12B.D6.4 Demonstrate how to solve and use basic algebraic equations to represent trade-related problems, making them easier to organize, simplify, and solve.

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ETT.12B.D7 Solve problems related to simple machines, force, and pressure related to electrical trade applications.

• ETT.12B.D7.1 Demonstrate how to calculate mechanical advantage for simple machines, including

  • effort
  • load
  • effort distance
  • load distance

• ETT.12B.D7.2 Demonstrate how to calculate how each component affects a machine’s efficiency, including

  • levers
  • pulleys
  • inclined planes

• ETT.12B.D7.3 Demonstrate how to calculate force, distance, and friction using the appropriate physics formulas.

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ETT.12B.D8 Demonstrate how to use Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, and ideal gas law equations to calculate the physical properties of ideal gases.

• ETT.12B.D8.1 Demonstrate how to apply Boyle’s law to solve for different physical properties of an ideal gas, including

  • temperature
  • volume
  • pressure
  • density

• ETT.12B.D8.2 Demonstrate how to apply Charles’s law to solve for different physical properties of an ideal gas, including

  • temperature
  • volume
  • pressure
  • density

• ETT.12B.D8.3 Demonstrate how to apply the ideal gas law to solve for different physical properties of an ideal gas, including

  • temperature
  • volume
  • pressure
  • density

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ETT.12B.D9 Discuss emerging trends in trade math.

• ETT.12B.D9.1 Discuss various current and emerging trends in trade math.

ETT.12B.E1 Identify, describe, and demonstrate an understanding of terminology associated with tools and equipment.

• ETT.12B.E1.1 Identify key terms and names of various tools and equipment.

• ETT.12B.E1.2 Describe the names and purposes of various tools and equipment.

• ETT.12B.E1.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the names and purposes of various tools and equipment.

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ETT.12B.E2 Identify the various hazards associated with tools and equipment, and describe and demonstrate the related safe work practices.

• ETT.12B.E2.1 Identify various hazards of tools and equipment, including

  • harmful noise levels
  • lacerations caused by sharp tools or materials
  • crush injury hazards
  • moving parts on machines that can catch and trap hands, hair, or garments
  • flying debris hazards

• ETT.12B.E2.2 Describe safe work practices for various tools and equipment, including

  • wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • inspecting tools and equipment before use
  • using the correct tool for the job
  • keeping the work area clean and organized
  • following manufacturers’ instructions and safety guidelines
  • disconnecting power tools when not in use or during maintenance
  • reporting and removing damaged tools from service
  • staying alert and avoiding distractions while working
  • using guards and safety devices as intended
  • storing tools properly after use

• ETT.12B.E2.3 Demonstrate safe work practices related to tools and equipment.

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ETT.12B.E3 Identify, describe, and demonstrate tools and equipment, including their selection, characteristics, applications, and limitations.

• ETT.12B.E3.1 Identify various types of metering equipment.

• ETT.12B.E3.2 Describe various types of metering equipment, including

  • selection of the appropriate hand tool and metering equipment
  • characteristics and key features
  • application (i.e., their role or utility in specific scenarios)
  • limitations in scope or performance
  • procedures for conducting a thorough inspection
  • procedures for regular maintenance
  • guidelines for proper storage

• ETT.12B.E3.3 Demonstrate how to safely and properly use various metering equipment.

• ETT.12B.E3.4 Identify various tools used for layout, measuring, and marking.

• ETT.12B.E3.5 Describe various tools used for layout, measuring, and marking, including

  • selection of the appropriate layout, measuring, and marking tool
  • characteristics and key features
  • application (i.e., their role or utility in specific scenarios)
  • limitations in scope or performance
  • procedures for conducting a thorough inspection
  • procedures for regular maintenance
  • guidelines for proper storage

• ETT.12B.E3.6 Demonstrate how to safely and properly use various tools used for layout, measuring, and marking.

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ETT.12B.E4 Discuss emerging trends in tools and equipment.

• ETT.12B.E4.1 Discuss various current and emerging trends in tools and equipment.

ETT.12B.F1 Identify, define, and demonstrate terminology associated with materials and consumables.

• ETT.12B.F1.1 Identify key terms and names of various materials and consumables.

• ETT.12B.F1.2 Describe the names and purposes of various materials and consumables.

• ETT.12B.F1.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the names and purposes of various materials and consumables.

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ETT.12B.F2 Share and discuss Indigenous perspectives and environmental impact.

• ETT.12B.F2.1 Share and discuss an Indigenous perspective on material selection, emphasizing sustainability, respect for natural resources, and cultural significance, such as

  • principles of the honourable harvest
  • four sacred elements (earth, wind, water, fire)
  • inviting an Elder to teach sustainability

• ETT.12B.F2.2 Share and discuss the environmental impact of selecting and disposing of various materials.

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ETT.12B.F3 Discuss emerging trends in materials and consumables.

• ETT.12B.F3.1 Discuss various current and emerging trends in materials and consumables.

ETT.12B.K1 Describe and demonstrate an understanding of the principles of magnetism and electromagnetism in electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K1.1 Describe the nature of magnetic fields, including

  • flux
  • interaction of magnetic fields
  • magnetic fields around current-carrying conductors
  • magnetic induction

• ETT.12B.K1.2 Describe the relationship among magnetic flux, flux density, electromagnetic force, and reluctance.

• ETT.12B.K1.3 Demonstrate the operation of an inductive device in a circuit, such as

  • relays
  • solenoids
  • contactors
  • transformers

• ETT.12B.K1.4 Demonstrate an understanding of electromagnetism and inductance, including

  • power generating devices and applications
  • operation of coils
  • rotating magnetic fields
  • stored energy [Lenz’s law]
  • motor principles

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ETT.12B.K2 Identify and describe the difference between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) in electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K2.1 Identify and describe the difference between DC and AC in electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K2.2 Describe why, in some applications, DC is preferred to AC.

• ETT.12B.K2.3 Describe the advantages that AC has over DC in generation, transmission, and distribution systems.

• ETT.12B.K2.4 Describe why high voltage DC has been used for the transmission of energy from distant generating stations.

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ETT.12B.K3 Identify, define, and demonstrate terminology associated with AC systems.

• ETT.12B.K3.1 Identify key terms and names of AC sine wave fundamentals.

• ETT.12B.K3.2 Describe the names and purposes of sine, square, and triangle AC waveforms.

• ETT.12B.K3.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the names and purposes of AC wave forms.

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ETT.12B.K4 Identify the various hazards associated with AC systems, and describe and demonstrate the related safe work practices.

• ETT.12B.K4.1 Identify the various hazards associated with AC fundamentals and describe the related safe work practices, including

  • shock and electrocution
  • overloaded circuits
  • fire hazards
  • arc flash
  • mechanical or equipment hazards
  • trip-and-fall hazards
  • personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • manufacturers’ recommendations
  • first aid
  • Health Canada–approved and CSA-certified products

• ETT.12B.K4.2 Demonstrate safe work practices related to AC systems.

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ETT.12B.K5 Identify, describe, and demonstrate basic concepts related to AC systems.

• ETT.12B.K5.1 Identify AC voltage and current associated with electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K5.2 Describe AC voltage and current associated with electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K5.3 Demonstrate an understanding of AC voltage and current associated with electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K5.4 Identify AC generation associated with electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K5.5 Describe AC generation associated with electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K5.6 Demonstrate an understanding of AC generation associated with electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K5.7 Identify polarity concepts associated with electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K5.8 Describe polarity concepts associated with electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K5.9 Demonstrate an understanding of polarity concepts associated with electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K5.10 Identify waveforms associated with electrical systems and which factors determine the frequency of the voltage from an AC source, including

  • speed of rotation
  • time
  • degrees
  • radians

• ETT.12B.K5.11 Describe waveforms associated with electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K5.12 Demonstrate an understanding of waveforms associated with electrical systems.

• ETT.12B.K5.13 Identify methods to calculate waveform values of AC, including

  • instantaneous values
  • average
  • peak
  • root mean square (RMS) values

• ETT.12B.K5.14 Describe methods to calculate waveform values of AC.

• ETT.12B.K5.15 Demonstrate how to calculate waveform values of AC.

• ETT.12B.K5.16 Identify the action of half- and full-wave rectification, and explain why average values instead of effective values are used for computing the DC output.

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ETT.12B.K6 Identify various types of electrical loads and describe their effects in an AC circuit.

• ETT.12B.K6.1 Identify various types of resistive loads associated with AC circuits, such as

  • fixed
  • variable
  • specialty

• ETT.12B.K6.2 Describe the effect of resistance associated with AC circuits.

• ETT.12B.K6.3 Demonstrate an understanding of the role of resistance in an AC circuit.

• ETT.12B.K6.4 Identify various types of inductors associated with AC circuits.

• ETT.12B.K6.5 Describe inductance associated with AC circuits, including

  • RL time constants
  • inductive reactance

• ETT.12B.K6.6 Demonstrate an understanding of the role of inductance in an AC circuit.

• ETT.12B.K6.7 Identify various types of capacitors associated with AC circuits.

• ETT.12B.K6.8 Describe capacitance associated with AC circuits, including

  • RC time constants
  • capacitive reactance

• ETT.12B.K6.9 Demonstrate an understanding of the role of capacitors in an AC circuit.

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ETT.12B.K7 Identify various types of AC power and describe its characteristics in an AC circuit.

• ETT.12B.K7.1 Identify various types of AC power associated with AC circuits, including

  • instantaneous
  • apparent
  • true
  • reactive power

• ETT.12B.K7.2 Describe the characteristics of AC power associated with AC circuits.

• ETT.12B.K7.3 Identify various types of AC power measurements associated with AC circuits, including

  • true power (watts)
  • reactive power (VARs)
  • apparent power (VA)
  • power factor (PF)

• ETT.12B.K7.4 Describe the characteristics of AC power measurements associated with AC circuits.

• ETT.12B.K7.5 Describe methods to calculate AC power measurements associated with AC circuits.

• ETT.12B.K7.6 Demonstrate how to calculate AC power measurements associated with AC circuits.

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ETT.12B.K8 Describe and calculate the behaviour of series AC circuits, including impedance, voltage, current, and power relationships, using appropriate laws and tools.

• ETT.12B.K8.1 Describe total impedance in a series AC circuit.

• ETT.12B.K8.2 Describe the characteristics of various combinations of components in a series AC circuit, including

  • total impedance in a series AC circuit
  • resistive-inductive (RL) circuit
  • resistive-capacitive (RC) circuit
  • resistive-inductive-capacitive (RLC)
  • resonant circuit

• ETT.12B.K8.3 Demonstrate how to calculate total impedance in a series AC circuit using principles of electrical circuits, including

  • Ohm’s law
  • complex numbers
  • Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL)
  • voltage divider rule

• ETT.12B.K8.4 Describe the power triangle to calculate real, reactive, and apparent power in a series AC circuit.

• ETT.12B.K8.5 Demonstrate how to sketch and interpret the power triangle to calculate real, reactive, and apparent power in a series AC circuit.

• ETT.12B.K8.6 Describe the concept of power factor and calculate it in relation to circuit efficiency.

• ETT.12B.K8.7 Demonstrate how to construct and interpret a vector diagram to represent voltage and current relationships in series AC circuits.

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ETT.12B.K9 Describe and calculate the behaviour of parallel AC circuits, including impedance, current, and power relationships, using appropriate laws, tools, and graphical representations.

• ETT.12B.K9.1 Describe parallel AC circuits.

• ETT.12B.K9.2 Describe the characteristics of various combinations of components in a parallel AC circuit, including

  • total impedance in parallel AC circuits
  • resistive-inductive (RL) circuits
  • resistive-capacitive (RC) circuits
  • resistive-inductive-capacitive (RLC) circuits
  • resonant conditions in parallel circuits

• ETT.12B.K9.3 Demonstrate how to calculate total impedance in a series AC circuit using principles of electrical circuits, including

  • Ohm’s law
  • complex numbers for impedance and current calculations
  • Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL)
  • current divider rule

• ETT.12B.K9.4 Describe the power triangle to calculate real, reactive, and apparent power in a parallel AC circuit.

• ETT.12B.K9.5 Demonstrate how to sketch and interpret the power triangle to calculate real, reactive, and apparent power in a parallel AC circuit.

• ETT.12B.K9.6 Describe the concept of power factor and calculate it in relation to circuit efficiency.

• ETT.12B.K9.7 Demonstrate how to construct and interpret vector diagrams to represent voltage and current relationships in parallel AC circuits.

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ETT.12B.K10 Demonstrate an understanding of the behaviour of combination AC circuits.

• ETT.12B.K10.1 Describe the characteristics of combination AC circuits, including impedance, current, voltage, and power relationships using appropriate laws.

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ETT.12B.K11 Describe the concept of power factor correction and perform calculations to determine the required correction using capacitive reactance or other methods to improve power factor in AC circuits.

• ETT.12B.K11.1 Describe power factor and its significance in AC circuits.

• ETT.12B.K11.2 Describe power factor correction in AC circuits.

• ETT.12B.K11.3 Describe methods to calculate power factor correction in AC circuits.

• ETT.12B.K11.4 Demonstrate how to calculate power factor correction in AC circuits.

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ETT.12B.K12 Discuss emerging trends in AC fundamentals.

• ETT.12B.K12.1 Discuss various current and emerging trends in AC fundamentals.