Science

Senior 2 Science Learning Outcomes

Overall Skills and Attitudes
Dynamics of Ecosystems
Chemistry in Action
In Motion
Weather Dynamics

Overall Skills and Attitudes
Specific Learning Outcomes General Learning Outcome Codes
S2-0-1a Propose questions to be tested experimentally. GLO: C2
S2-0-1b Select and justify various methods for finding answers to specific questions. GLO: C2
S2-0-1c Identify STSE issues to be addressed. GLO: C4
S2-0-1d Identify stakeholders and initiate research related to an STSE issue. GLO: C4
S2-0-2a Select and integrate information obtained from a variety of sources.
Include: print, electronic, specialists, other resource people
GLO: C2, C4, C6
S2-0-2b Evaluate the reliability, bias, and usefulness of information. GLO: C2, C4, C5, C8
S2-0-2c Summarize and record information in a variety of forms using appropriate
Include: paraphrasing, quoting relevant facts and opinions, proper referencing of sources
GLO: C2, C4, C6
S2-0-2d Review effects of past decisions and various perspectives related to an STSE issue.
Examples: political accords, economic and ecological considerations related to the enhanced greenhouse effect; environmentalist and industry group positions on fossil fuel emissions
GLO: B1, C4
S2-0-3a State a testable hypothesis or prediction based on background data or on observed events. GLO: C2
S2-0-3b Identify mathematical relationships between variables.
Examples: relationship between braking distance, velocity, and friction
GLO: C2
S2-0-3c Plan an experiment to answer a specific scientific question.
Include: materials, dependent and independent variables, controls, methods, safety considerations
GLO: C1, C2
S2-0-3d Summarize relevant data and consolidate existing arguments and positions related to an STSE issue. GLO: C4
S2-0-3e Determine criteria for the evaluation of an STSE decision.
Examples: scientific merit; technological feasibility; social, cultural, economic, and political factors; safety; cost; sustainability
GLO: B5, C1, C3, C4
S2-0-3f Formulate and develop options which could lead to an STSE decision. GLO: C4
S2-0-4a Carry out procedures that comprise a fair test.
Include: controlling variables, repeating experiments to increase accuracy and reliability of results
GLO: C1, C2
S2-0-4b Demonstrate work habits that ensure personal safety, the safety of others, as well as consideration for the environment.
Include: knowledge and use of relevant safety precautions, WHMIS regulations, and emergency equipment
GLO: B3, B5, C1, C2
S2-0-4c Discuss safety procedures to follow given situations.
Examples: acid or base spills in a lab, use of cleaning products
GLO: C1, C2
S2-0-4d Interpret relevant WHMIS regulations.
Include: symbols, labels, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
GLO: C1, C2
S2-0-4e Use various methods for anticipating the impacts of different options.
Examples: test run, partial implementation, simulation, debate
GLO: C4, C5, C6, C7
S2-0-4f Work co-operatively with group members to carry out a plan, and troubleshoot problems as they arise. GLO: C2, C4, C7
S2-0-4g Assume the responsibilities of various roles within a group and evaluate which roles are most appropriate for given tasks. GLO: C2, C4, C7
S2-0-5a Select and use appropriate methods and tools for sampling data or collecting. GLO: C2
S2-0-5b Estimate and measure accurately using Système International (SI) and other standard units.
Include: SI conversions
GLO: C2
S2-0-5c Record, organize, and display data using an appropriate format.
Include: labelled diagrams, tables, graphs, multimedia
GLO: C2, C5
S2-0-5d Evaluate, using pre-determined criteria, different STSE options leading to a possible decision.
Examples: scientific merit; technological feasibility; social, cultural, economic, and political factors; safety; cost; sustainability
GLO: B5, C1, C3, C4
S2-0-6a Interpret patterns and trends in data, and infer and explain relationships. GLO: C2, C5
S2-0-6b Identify and suggest explanations for discrepancies in data.
Include:sources of error
GLO: C2
S2-0-6c Evaluate the original plan for an experiment and suggest improvements.
Examples:identify strengths and weaknesses of data collection methods used
GLO: C2, C5
S2-0-6d Adjust STSE options, as required, once their potential effects become evident. GLO: C3, C4, C5, C8
S2-0-7a State a conclusion based on analysis and interpretation of the data. GLO: C2, C5, C8
S2-0-7b Identify further questions and problems arising from an investigation. GLO: C4, C8
S2-0-7c Select the best option and determine a course of action to implement an STSE. GLO: B5, C4
S2-0-7d Implement an STSE decision and evaluate its effects. GLO: B5, C4, C5, C8
S2-0-7e Reflect on the process used to arrive at or to implement an STSE decision, and suggest improvements. GLO: C4, C5
S2-0-7f Reflect on prior knowledge and experiences to develop new understanding. GLO: C2, C3, C4
S2-0-8a Distinguish between science and technology.
Include: purpose, procedures, products, impacts
GLO: A3
S2-0-8b Explain the importance of using precise language in science and technology. GLO: A2, A3, C2, C3
S2-0-8c Describe examples of how scientific knowledge has evolved in light of new evidence, and the role of technology in this evolution. GLO: A2, A5
S2-0-8d Describe examples of how technologies have evolved in response to changing needs and scientific advances. GLO: A5
S2-0-8e Discuss how peoples of various cultures have contributed to the development of science and technology. GLO: A4, A5
S2-0-8f Relate personal activities and possible career choices to specific science disciplines. GLO: B4
S2-0-8g Discuss social, economic, and environmental effects of past and present scientific and technological endeavours.
Include: major shifts in scientific world views, unintended consequences
GLO: B1
S2-0-9a Appreciate and respect that science and technology have evolved from different views held by women and men from a variety of societies and cultural backgrounds. GLO: A4
S2-0-9b Express interest in a broad scope of science- and technology-related fields and issues. GLO: B4
S2-0-9c Demonstrate confidence in their ability to carry out investigations in science and to address STSE issues. GLO: C2, C4, C5
S2-0-9d Value skepticism, honesty, accuracy, precision, perseverance, and open-mindedness as scientific and technological habits of mind. GLO: C2, C3, C4, C5
S2-0-9e Be sensitive and responsible in maintaining a balance between the needs of humans and a sustainable environment. GLO: B5, C4
S2-0-9f Demonstrate personal involvement and be proactive with respect to STSE issues. GLO: B5, C4

Back to top of page


Dynamics of Ecosystems
Specific Learning Outcomes General Learning Outcome Codes
S2-1-01 Illustrate and explain how carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are cycled through an ecosystem. GLO: D2, D3, D5, E2
S2-1-02 Discuss factors that may disturb biogeochemical cycles.
Include: natural events, human activities
GLO: A2, C8, D2, D5
S2-1-03 Describe bioaccumulation and explain its potential impact on consumers.
Examples: DDT, lead, dioxin, PCBs, mercury
GLO: B1, D2
S2-1-04 Describe the carrying capacity of an ecosystem. GLO: E2, E3
S2-1-05 Investigate and discuss various limiting factors that influence population dynamics.
Include: density-dependent and density-independent factors
GLO: C2, D2, E2, E3
S2-1-06 Construct and interpret graphs of population dynamics. GLO: C2, C6, C8, D2
S2-1-07 Describe potential consequences of introducing new species and species extinction on an ecosystem. GLO: E1, E2
S2-1-08 Observe and document a range of organisms that illustrate the biodiversity within a local or regional ecosystem. GLO: D2, E2, E3
S2-1-09 Explain how the biodiversity of an ecosystem contributes to its sustainability. GLO: B5, E1
S2-1-10 Investigate how human activities affect an ecosystem and use the decision-making process to propose a course of action to enhance its sustainability.
Include: impact on biogeochemical cycling, population dynamics, and biodiversity
GLO: B5, C4, C5, C8

Back to top of page


Chemistry in Action
Specific Learning Outcomes General Learning Outcome Codes
S2-2-01 Relate an element's position in the periodic table to its combining capacity (valence).
Include: alkali metals, alkaline earths, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases
GLO: D3, D4, E1
S2-2-02 Explain, using the periodic table, how and why elements combine in specific ratios to form compounds.
Include: ionic bonds, covalent bonds
GLO: D3, E2
S2-2-03 Write formulas and names of binary ionic compounds.
Include: IUPAC guidelines and rationale for their use
GLO: A2, C2, D3, E1
S2-2-04 Write formulas and names for covalent compounds using prefixes.
Include: mono, di, tri, tetra
GLO: C2, D3, E1
S2-2-05 Investigate the Law of Conservation of Mass, and recognize that mass is conserved in chemical reactions. GLO: A2, D3, D4, E3
S2-2-06 Balance chemical equations.
Include: translation of word equations to balanced chemical equations, and balanced chemical equations to word equations
GLO: D3
S2-2-07 Investigate and classify reactions as synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, or combustion. GLO: B1, D4, E4
S2-2-08 Experiment to classify acids and bases using their characteristic properties.
Include: pH, indicators,
GLO: D3, E1
S2-2-09 Discuss the occurrence of acids and bases in biological systems, industrial processes, and domestic applications.
Include: environmental, health, and safety issues
GLO: B2, B3, C1, C8
S2-2-10 Explain how acids and bases interact to form a salt and water in the process of neutralization. GLO: D3, E2
S2-2-11 Describe the formation and the environmental impact of various types of air pollution.
Examples: acidic precipitation, ground-level ozone, airborne particulates / aerosols, smog; stratospheric ozone depletion, respiratory ailments, acidified lakes
GLO: B5, C6, D2, D5
S2-2-12 Investigate technologies that are used to reduce emissions of potential air pollutants.
Examples: catalytic converters in automobiles, smokestack scrubbers, regulation of vehicle emissions, disposal of PCBs from electrical transformers, elimination of CFCs from refrigerants and aerosol propellants
GLO: A5, B5, C8, E2

Back to top of page


In Motion
Specific Learning Outcomes General Learning Outcome Codes
S2-3-01 Analyze the relationship among displacement, time, and velocity for an object in uniform motion.
Include: visual, numeric, graphical, symbolic (velocity = delta d/delta t)
GLO: C5, C8, D4, E3
S2-3-02 Collect displacement data to calculate and graph velocity versus time for an object that is accelerating at a constant rate. GLO: C5, C8, D4, E3
S2-3-03 Analyze the relationships among velocity, time, and acceleration for an object that is accelerating at a constant rate.
Include: visual, numeric, graphical, symbolic (acceleration = delta v/ delta t)
GLO: C5, C8, D4, E3
S2-3-04 Outline the historical development of the concepts of force and "natural" motion.
Include: Aristotle, Galileo, Newton's First Law
GLO: A2, A4, B1
S2-3-05 Experiment to illustrate the effects of inertia in car collisions.
Include: distance travelled (of an unrestrained passenger) is proportional to velocity
GLO: C2, C6, C7, E3
S2-3-06 Describe qualitatively how force is related to motion.
Include: no force; constant force; the relationship among force, mass, and acceleration (Newton's Second Law)
GLO: D4, E3
S2-3-07 Investigate and describe qualitatively Newton's Third Law.
Examples: balloon-powered car, model rockets, head-on collision
GLO: C2, C6, C7, E3
S2-3-08 Define momentum and impulse and qualitatively relate impulse to change in momentum for everyday situations.
Include: car collisions, bumpers, restraints, air bags, size and type of vehicle
GLO: A5, B1, B2, D4
S2-3-09 Investigate the conservation of energy in a motor vehicle collision.
Include: kinetic energy, heat energy, sound
GLO: B2, D4, E4
S2-3-10 Investigate conditions that illustrate the effects of friction on motion.
Include: weather conditions, surface materials
GLO: C2, C5, D4, E2
S2-3-11 Investigate the factors that influence braking distance.
Include: reaction time, friction, condition of driver, speed
GLO: C2, C3, C6, D4
S2-3-12 Using the relationship between displacement, velocity, and friction ( d=kv squared ), calculate the braking distance of a motor vehicle. GLO: C2, C3, C5, C8
S2-3-13 Use the decision-making process to address an STSE issue related to safe driving conditions.
Examples: adverse driving conditions; reaction time and narcotic influences or blood alcohol level; excessive vehicle speed
GLO: B3, C4, C5, C8

Back to top of page


Weather Dynamics
Specific Learning Outcomes General Learning Outcome Codes
S2-4-01 Illustrate the composition and organization of the hydrosphere and theatmosphere.
Include: salt water, fresh water, polar ice caps/glaciers, troposphere, stratosphere
GLO: D5, E2
S2-4-02 Outline factors influencing the Earth's radiation budget.
Include: solar radiation, cloud cover, surface and atmospheric reflectance (albedo), absorption, latitude
GLO: D4, D5, E2, E3
S2-4-03 Explain effects of heat transfer within the atmosphere and hydrosphere on the development and movement of wind and ocean currents.
Include: Coriolis effect and atmospheric convection, prevailing winds, jet streams, El Niño
GLO: A2, D5, E2, E4
S2-4-04 Explain the formation and dynamics of selected severe weather phenomena.
Examples: thunderstorms, tornadoes, blizzards, hurricanes, extreme temperature events, cyclonic storms
GLO: A2, D5, E1, E4
S2-4-05 Collect, interpret, and analyze meteorological data related to a severe weather event.
Include: meteorological maps, satellite imagery, conditions prior to and following the event
GLO: C2, C6, C8, D5
S2-4-06 Investigate the social, economic, and environmental impacts of a recent severe weather event.
Include: related consequences of personal and societal decision making
GLO: B2, B3, B4, C6
S2-4-07 Investigate and evaluate evidence that climate change occurs naturally and could be influenced by human activities.
Include: the use of technology in gathering and interpreting current and historical data
GLO: A1, A4, D5, E3
S2-4-08 Discuss potential consequences of climate change.
Examples: changes in ocean temperature may affect aquatic populations, higher frequency of severe weather events influencing social and economic activities, scientific debate over nature and degree of change
GLO: A1, A2, C5, C8

Back to top of page